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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2025 Stanford MIMI Lab
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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# gpqa-gpt-4o-MIPROv2 # Structured Prompting Enables More Robust Evaluation of Language Models
[![arXiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2511.20836-b31b1b.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.20836)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/stanfordmimi/helm-optimizer?style=for-the-badge)](LICENSE)
<img src="assets/fig.png" alt="Overview" width="650">
**Figure 1** | **Pipeline overview**. (a) DSPy takes HELM's baseline prompt and produces structured prompt variants. (b) HELM evaluates models under each prompt variant. With structured prompting, we observe more robust performance evaluation.
## What is DSPy-HELM?
A comprehensive framework for optimizing language model performance on benchmarks using [DSPy](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy), enabling more robust evaluation. This toolkit allows automated prompt optimization (APO) for benchmarks from the [HELM](https://github.com/stanford-crfm/helm) (Holistic Evaluation of Language Models) ecosystem.
## Installation
```bash
# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/StanfordMIMI/dspy-helm.git
cd dspy-helm
# Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt
```
## Basic Usage
**Configure settings** in `run.sh`:
```bash
scenarios=("mmlu_pro" "gpqa" "gsm8k" "medcalc_bench" "medec" "head_qa" "medbullets")
optimizers=("MIPROv2" "BootstrapFewShotWithRandomSearch")
# Language model to be optimized
model=openai/gpt-4o
api_base="your_api_base_here"
api_key="your_api_key_here"
# Teacher language model for proposing instruction candidates (MIPROv2)
prompt_model=openai/gpt-4o
prompt_api_base="your_api_base_here"
prompt_api_key="your_api_key_here"
max_bootstrapped_demos=3
max_labeled_demos=3
num_threads=1
```
**Run optimization**:
```bash
./run.sh
```
## 📊 Supported Benchmarks
| Benchmark | Input → Output | Task |
|-------------------|--------------------------------------|------------------------|
| MMLU-Pro | Reasoning Question → Answer | Multi-Task Reasoning |
| GPQA | Graduate Question → Answer | Graduate-Level QA |
| GSM8K | Math Problem → Solution | Numeric Problem-Solving|
| MedCalc-Bench | Patient Note → Computed Value | Computational Reasoning|
| Medec | Medical Narrative → Errors | Error Classification |
| HeadQA | Medical Question → Answer | USMLE-Style QA |
| MedBullets | Medical Question → Answer | USMLE-Style QA |
## Optimization Parameters
- `--max_bootstrapped_demos`: Number of bootstrapped demonstrations
- `--max_labeled_demos`: Number of labeled demonstrations
- `--num_threads`: Parallel processing threads (default: 16)
## 📁 Project Structure
```
dspy-helm/
├── main.py # Main optimization script
├── scenarios.py # Benchmark implementations
├── run.sh # Batch optimization runner
├── requirements.txt # Python dependencies
├── agents/ # Optimized DSPy agents
│ ├── medcalc_bench/
│ ├── head_qa/
│ ├── medbullets/
│ └── ...
└── README.md # This file
```
## 📈 Results and Evaluation
Optimized agents are automatically saved to the `agents/` directory:
```
agents/
└── {scenario}/
└── {model_name}/
├── MIPROv2.json
└── BootstrapFewShotWithRandomSearch.json
```
## Creating Custom Scenarios
To add a new HELM benchmark:
**Implement the scenario class** in `scenarios.py`:
```python
class my_benchmark:
def __init__(self, test_size=0.1, seed=42):
self.test_size = test_size
self.seed = seed
@staticmethod
def make_prompt(row):
return f"Question: {row['question']}\nAnswer:"
@staticmethod
def metric(example, pred, trace=None):
# Your evaluation metric
return dspy.evaluate.metrics.answer_exact_match(example, pred, trace)
def load_data(self):
# Load and return trainset, valset
pass
```
## 🙏 Acknowledgments
This repository is built using [DSPy](https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy) for prompt optimization.
## 📎 Citation
If you find this repository useful for your work, please cite the following paper:
```bibtex
@article{aali2025structured,
title={Structured Prompting Enables More Robust Evaluation of Language Models},
author={Aali, Asad and Mohsin, Muhammad Ahmed and Bikia, Vasiliki and Singhvi, Arnav and Gaus, Richard and Bedi, Suhana and Cui, Hejie and Fuentes, Miguel and Unell, Alyssa and Mai, Yifan and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.20836},
year={2025}
}
```

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{
"model": "gpt-4o",
"scenario": "gpqa",
"optimizer": "MIPROv2",
"api_base": null,
"prompt_model": "gpt-4o",
"prompt_api_base": null,
"max_tokens": null,
"temperature": null,
"max_bootstrapped_demos": 3,
"max_labeled_demos": 3,
"num_threads": 16,
"val_size": null
}

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{
"agent.predict": {
"traces": [],
"train": [],
"demos": [],
"signature": {
"instructions": "Given the fields `inputs`, produce the fields `output`.",
"fields": [
{
"prefix": "Inputs:",
"description": "${inputs}"
},
{
"prefix": "Reasoning: Let's think step by step in order to",
"description": "${reasoning}"
},
{
"prefix": "Output:",
"description": "${output}"
}
]
},
"lm": {
"model": "gpt-4o",
"model_type": "chat",
"cache": true,
"num_retries": 3,
"finetuning_model": null,
"launch_kwargs": {},
"train_kwargs": {},
"temperature": null,
"max_tokens": null,
"api_base": null
}
},
"metadata": {
"dependency_versions": {
"python": "3.13",
"dspy": "3.0.4",
"cloudpickle": "3.1"
}
}
}